Abstract
The number of women doctors is increasing annually in Japan as well as all over the world. The M shaped distribution of their career path is infamous. Preventing the continuous turnover of women doctors and promoting reinstatement could be a key issue. The aim of this study was to clarify the perceptions of gender issues women doctors have regarding their workplace in a Japanese region. We interviewed nine women affiliated with “Hokkaido Medical Women’s Association,” a regional society of women doctors in Japan. Semi-structured interviews lasting 60 minutes took place. The main topics were what they considered to be gender issues in their clinical practice. All interviews were transcribed in verbatim, and the scripts were analyzed, then repeated themes were identified. Nine themes emerged and were classified into three patterns. (A) The women doctors’ own problems: 1) anxiety about future life events, 2) work life balance, 3) fear of falling behind and losing up-to-date knowledge and skills. (B) Requirements for mentors or family support: 4) shortage of women doctors as role models, 5) spousal or other relatives’ lack of understanding. (C) Institutional or environmental issues: 6) heavy workload in their practice, 7) lack of a support system for raising their children, 8) lack of a system for returning to work, 9) “glass ceiling” issues. These themes were in line with overseas studies which have reported identifiable obstacles for women in medicine. Institutional or environmental support systems rather than personal problems need to be improved above all to rectify the situation.
Highlights
The rate of qualification of women doctors is increasing annually in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States as well as all over the world
In the United Kingdom, it was reported that 25% of all hospital consultants and 39% of general practitioners were female in 2003, while 17% of hospital consultants were female, as were 29% of general practitioners in 1993 (Department of Health, 2004; Kilminster et al, 2007)
The number of women doctors is increasing in Japan, and accounted for approximately 16.4% of the total number of doctors in the total number of qualified physicians in 2006
Summary
The rate of qualification of women doctors is increasing annually in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States as well as all over the world. In the United Kingdom, it was reported that 25% of all hospital consultants and 39% of general practitioners were female in 2003, while 17% of hospital consultants were female, as were 29% of general practitioners in 1993 (Department of Health, 2004; Kilminster et al, 2007). Notwithstanding, to our knowledge, few structured research type interview surveys about the problems of women doctors exist in Japan, many questionnaire surveys have been undertaken. To solve this problem, we adopted the methodology of qualitative interview survey, which was said to be effective for clarifying in depth perception of human thoughts and behaviours (Holloway & Wheeler, 2000; Ohman, 2005)
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