Women consuming oral contraceptives containing cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol show a higher risk of thyroid cancer than nonusers.

Abstract

This study explored whether the risk of thyroid cancer in Asian women is associated with consumption of oral contraceptives (Diane-35). We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. From the database, 9865 women aged 18 to 65 years who were prescribed Diane-35 between 2000 and 2012 were included in the Diane-35 group, and 39,460 women who were not prescribed Diane-35 were included in the comparison group and were frequency-matched by age and index year. Both groups were followed until 2013 to calculate the incidence of thyroid cancer. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. The median (standard deviation) follow-up duration was 7.08 (3.63) and 7.04 (3.64) years in the Diane-35 and the comparison group, respectively. The incidence of thyroid cancer was 1.80-fold higher in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (2.72 vs 1.51 per 10,000 person-years). The cumulative incidence of thyroid cancer was significantly higher in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (log-rank test, P = .03). An elevated hazard ratio of thyroid cancer was observed in the Diane-35 group than in the comparison group (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.10-3.30). In subgroup analysis, patients aged 30 to 39 years showed a higher hazard ratio of developing thyroid cancer after consuming Diane-35 than those in the comparison group (HR: 5.58, 95% CI: 1.84-16.91). The study provides evidence that women aged 30 to 39 years consuming Diane-35 are at increased risk of thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, a larger population with a longer follow-up may be necessary to confirm causality.