Abstract
The article deals with the attitude of Islamic law towards the carriage of women by water and how Muslim judicial authorities viewed their presence on ships. It discusses the conditions under which women were carried, accommodated and treated, in addition to their personal and social behavior in ships. To apply Islamic religious ethics and navigational regulations during maritime journeys, jurists instructed owners of ships, crews, and passengers how to act in the event of an immoral behavior on the part of both or either party. Women could protect themselves against temptation and sexual harassment by dressing modestly, behaving properly, and traveling with ma h ram s. Even though this work focuses on the Islamic Mediterranean, the article briefly describes the punishment of sexual misconduct as established in the thirteenth century C.E. in Islamic Malay. Lastly, it touches the Islamic legal position on the transportation of Muslims aboard Christian ships.
Highlights
The article deals with the attitude of Islamic law towards the carriage of women by water and how Muslim judicial authorities viewed their presence on ships
Even though this work focuses on the Islamic Mediterranean, the article briefly describes the punishment of sexual misconduct as established in the thirteenth century C
How did Muslim judicial authorities instruct the owners of ships, crews, and passengers as regards immoral behavior on the part of both or either party? How could women protect themselves against temptations and sexual harassments? Where punishments were meted out, on land or aboard ship? And what was the captain’s jurisdiction?
Summary
The article deals with the attitude of Islamic law towards the carriage of women by water and how Muslim judicial authorities viewed their presence on ships. It discusses the conditions under which women were carried, accommodated and treated, in addition to their personal and social behavior in ships. WOMEN AT SEA: MODESTY, PRIVACY, AND SEXUAL MISCONDUCT of Islamic law towards carrying women by water It will focus on views of Muslim jurists and muçtasibs (market superintendents) on the presence and transportation of female travelers in ships.
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