Abstract
Literature points out that the effect of sustainable entrepreneurship on firm performance may be contingent on internal factors, such as top manager characteristics. This paper proposes that the gender of a firm’s chief executive officer (CEO) greatly influences the sustainable entrepreneurial orientation (SEO)-firm performance relationship. An empirical study was conducted on a stratified random sampling, collecting 210 questionnaires from top managers of firms in Valencia (Spain). A multigroup moderation analysis method was used. The results confirm that women tend to increase the positive effect of SEO in firm performance.
Highlights
The challenge of creating a habitable planet for all people and at all levels—economic, social, and environmental—remains as one of the main problems facing world leaders today
The literature generated in relation to this concept demonstrates the complexity of its study, and the efforts made to identify the effects of different strategic orientations on various business outcomes [16]
Chin and Newsted [94] chose the power test for a more accurate assessment of the sample size requirement, ensuring with a minimum probability of 80% (1–β = 1–0.20), that balance was achieved between the α error of 0.05 and the β error of 0.20 [95]; that is to say, that the researcher will not accept the null hypothesis when it is false
Summary
The challenge of creating a habitable planet for all people and at all levels—economic, social, and environmental—remains as one of the main problems facing world leaders today. This is demonstrated by the continuous efforts to promote the scope of sustainable development, such as the United Nations 2030 Agenda with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the celebration of global climate summits, and the commitment to new business models based on social economy or circular economy, among other actions. More than 30 years later, though it may seem that we have not succeeded in reaching said equilibrium, efforts to achieve this objective have not been abandoned In this sense, companies play a key role in contributing to a more equitable and lasting development [2,3,4]. Sustainable entrepreneurship emerges in the literature as a solution to this problem, understanding that both areas of knowledge—entrepreneurship and sustainability—are not mutually exclusive [5], but instead are allies [6] in achieving a balance between economic performance, social equity, and environmental resilience [7]
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