Abstract
Abstract Women in Western societies participate in exercise to a much lesser extent than men of similar educational level and social class. This difference tends to increase with age. This article reviews studies examining the physiological and psychological effects of exercise programs, and concludes that middle-aged and older women have the potential to benefit from exercise to much the same degree as men. However, it also identifies a number of limitations to the research reviewed and suggests the need for more systematic programs of investigation. A clearer understanding of the types of exercise which are most appropriate and beneficial to women of various age groups and initial fitness levels would provide a factual basis for the promotion of safe and healthy exercise for women at all stages of the life cycle.
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