Abstract
The problem of national minorities appears to be quite a controversial issue. This is so because it is considered by lawyers, sociologists, culture researchers, historians and political scientists. It is not a trivial matter in the controversies caused by this problem that it is related to a particularly sensitive political area that in political practice generates immense problems and brings about conflicts. The paper attempts to group the definitions developed by sociology and political science and to demonstrate the most controversial elements. The problem of national minorities is related to the notions of nation, nationality, ethnic minority and ethnographic minority. The main emphasis falls on the legal approach as the attempts at developing a legal definition (i.e. the definition stipulated by the act of law) are traced while acknowledging that such a definition has not been developed although numerous acts of international law concern the issues of minorities.
Highlights
90 Wspomniane akty prawne analizuje kompetentnie i szczegó3owo J
The problem of national minorities appears to be quite a controversial issue. This is so because it is considered by lawyers, sociologists, culture researchers, historians and political scientists
It is not a trivial matter in the controversies caused by this problem that it is related to a sensitive political area that in political practice generates immense problems and brings about conflicts
Summary
Politycznych, jêzykowych, wyznaniowych i rasowych pozostaje w centrum uwagi zarówno socjologów, jak i kulturoznawców, politologów, wreszcie prawników. Najczêœciej podstaw[1] wyró¿nienia mniejszoœci jest rodzaj integracji grupy mniejszoœciowej. Wyró¿nia siê zazwyczaj przy tej okazji mniejszoœci wyodrêbnione ze wzglêdu na kryteria: terytorialno-kulturowe, kulturowo-ideologiczne, biologiczne, fizjologiczne, psychiczne, wreszcie mniejszoœci maj1ce charakter grup interesów. Najczêœciej podstaw[1] wyró¿nienia mniejszoœci s1: jêzyk, zwyczaje, style ¿ycia, tradycje. Wi1¿e siê z tym najczêœciej kryterium terytorialne, gdy¿ tego typu mniejszoœci bardzo czêsto, choæ nie zawsze, zamieszkuj[1] okreœlone terytorium, w obrêbie jednego lub kilku pañstw[2]. 881–893; Van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon, New York–Oxford 1981; R. Kwaœniewski, Socjologia mniejszoœci a definicja mniejszoœci narodowej, „Sprawy Narodowoœciowe – Seria Nowa” 1992, t. 19; ten¿e, Kontrowersja teoretyczna wokó[3] socjologicznych ujêæ nacjonalizmu, „Sprawy Narodowoœciowe – Seria Nowa” 1994, t. Race and culture relations, New York 1952, s. Race and culture relations, New York 1952, s. 31
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