Abstract
Obesity has become epidemic worldwide, which triggers several obesity-associated complications. Obesity is characterized by excess fat storage mainly in the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), and other tissues. Myriad studies have demonstrated the crucial role of canonical Wnt/β-catenin cascade in the development of organs and physiological homeostasis, whereas recent studies show that genetic variations/mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are associated with human metabolic diseases. In this review, we highlight the regulation of updated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in obesity, especially the distinctly depot-specific roles between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue under high-fed diet stimulation and WAT browning process.
Highlights
Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980; 39% of adults aged 18 years and older were overweight in 2016, and 13% were obese throughout the world (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2017)
It could be concluded here that most of the factors in R-spondin proteins (RSPOs)–LGR4/5/6– Zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3)/ring finger protein 43 (RNF43)—FZDs-lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs) complex seemed to be important to body fat distribution, and their pivotal role together with Wnt proteins (Wnts)/β-catenin signaling in subcutaneous White adipose tissues (WATs) (sWAT) and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) requires additional study
Considering the possibility that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in APs promotes their proliferation whereas in pre-mature/mature adipocytes it regulates differentiation, we hypothesize that Wnt/β-catenin signaling could play an important role in depot-specific WAT expansion of High-Fat Diet (HFD)-induced obesity (Figure 3)
Summary
Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980; 39% of adults aged 18 years and older were overweight in 2016, and 13% were obese throughout the world (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2017). It could be concluded here that most of the factors in RSPOs–LGR4/5/6– ZNRF3/RNF43—FZDs-LRPs complex seemed to be important to body fat distribution, and their pivotal role together with Wnt/β-catenin signaling in sWAT and vWAT requires additional study.
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