Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in early embryonic development. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a major regulator of cell proliferation and keeps embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the pluripotent state. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling in the early developmental stages causes several hereditary diseases that lead to embryonic abnormalities. Several other signaling molecules are directly or indirectly activated in response to Wnt/β-catenin stimulation. The crosstalk of these signaling factors either synergizes or opposes the transcriptional activation of β-catenin/Tcf4-mediated target gene expression. Recently, the crosstalk between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), which belongs to the steroid superfamily, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been reported to take place during several aspects of embryonic development. However, numerous questions need to be answered regarding the function and regulation of PPARδ in coordination with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we have summarized the functional activation of the PPARδ in co-ordination with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the regulation of several aspects of embryonic development, stem cell regulation and maintenance, as well as during the progression of several metabolic disorders.
Highlights
The mammalian pre-implantation period is one of the critical and unique phases during early embryonic developmental processes
The involvement of Wnt signaling is well-characterized in multiple cellular processes, such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, the establishment of cell polarity, regulation of stem cell renewal during embryogenesis, and tissue homeostasis [3,4]
Direct Wnt target genes, such as CyclinD1 and c-Myc expression, which are influenced by the β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activation complex, are enhanced synergistically upon PPARδ activation [6]. These observations suggest that PPARδ has a strong functional association with Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Summary
The mammalian pre-implantation period is one of the critical and unique phases during early embryonic developmental processes. In vitro studies of mouse and bovine embryos showed that Wnt stimulation simultaneously increases the PPARδ and c-Myc expression in ICM and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and supports the progressive proliferation event during early development [5,6] These pieces of evidence highlight the functional importance of PPARδ expression during embryonic development and the maintenance of ESCs’ pluripotent state in coordination with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Direct Wnt target genes, such as CyclinD1 and c-Myc expression, which are influenced by the β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activation complex, are enhanced synergistically upon PPARδ activation [6] These observations suggest that PPARδ has a strong functional association with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It will be interesting to see whether elevated PPARδ expression can modulate the functions of the β-catenin adhesions junctional protein complex so as to reveal its wider impact on development and differentiation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
