WKB analysis of the Regge–Wheeler equation down in the frequency plane

Abstract

The Regge–Wheeler equation for black-hole gravitational waves is analyzed for large negative imaginary frequencies, leading to a calculation of the cut strength for waves outgoing to infinity. In the—limited—region of overlap, the results agree well with numerical findings [Leung et al., Class. Quantum Grav. 20, L217 (2003)]. Requiring these waves to be outgoing into the horizon as well subsequently yields an analytic formula for the highly damped Schwarzschild quasinormal modes, including the leading correction. Just as in the WKB quantization of, e.g., the harmonic oscillator, solutions in different regions of space have to be joined through a connection formula, valid near the boundary between them where WKB breaks down. For the oscillator, this boundary is given by the classical turning points; fascinatingly, the connection here involves an expansion around the black-hole singularity r=0.