Abstract
In recent years the focus of friendly society history has shifted from preoccupation with organizational and legislative issues towards evaluation of societies’ relevance to the communities of which they were part. But although the I9th century has received considerable attention, much less research has been undertaken into the period after the commencement of compulsory state sickness insurance in I9I2, and almost no interest has been shown in friendly societies’ struggle for survival in the modern era of the welfare state. This study of the Old Elm Tree Lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity, which was established in the Oxfordshire town of Chipping Norton in I87I, contrasts the experience of friendly societies before and after I9I2 and sheds light on their role in the provision of social capital and on their changing community significance in the pre- and post-National Insurance eras and up to the present day.
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