Abstract
Fat embolism syndrome is a life-threatening condition that can be developed after orthopedic trauma and surgery. Fat embolisms are caused by lipid droplets in the systemic circulation that induce mechanical or biochemical injury. The diagnosis is made clinically and treatment options are limited to supportive measures. Clinical symptoms including respiratory changes, neurological abnormalities, and petechial rashes generally present 12–72 h after the initial injury. However, respiratory failure accompanying diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in fat embolism syndrome is a very rare clinical presentation. This report describes a 44-year-old male patient suffering from fat embolism syndrome with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage caused by traumatic long bone fracture, in which mechanical ventilation was required to provide respiratory support.
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