Withdrawn: The altered dynamic community structure for adaptive adjustment in stroke patients with multidomain cognitive impairments: A multilayer network analysis

Abstract

BackgroundInternal capsule strokes can lead to multidomain cognitive impairments, and while the brain showcases adaptability post-stroke, the interplay between this adaptability and multidomain cognitive function remains elusive. In addition, although most studies indicate that adaptive changes after stroke manifest as brain functional network abnormalities, the changes in dynamic topological features, especially dynamic community structure, required for adaptive adjustment in stroke patients are not yet clear. MethodsResting-state fMRI data were acquired from patients with infarct in left-sided (n = 46, CI_L) and right-sided (n = 45, CI_R) internal capsule and 81 healthy controls (HC). Dynamic network matrices were generated using a sliding-window approach. These matrices were partitioned into communities utilizing a multilayer community detection algorithm. The network switching rate were employed as a key metric to characterize the differences of dynamic community structure between stroke and HC groups, and the correlations between these significant intergroup differences and cognitive performance scores was calculated. ResultsCompared to HC, CI_L patients exhibited an increase in network switching rates across all networks in the whole brain. However, these increases were largely unbeneficial for cognitive recovery; CI_R group show a more limited range of increased network switching rates and a more limited negative correlations with cognitive performance. ConclusionsThis study elucidates that following a stroke, the brain continuously adapts its dynamic community structure in an effort to address multidomain cognitive impairments, but this adaptation is often ineffective, unorganized, and disordered. Moreover, these findings elucidate the lateralized effects of stroke lesions on dynamic reorganization.