WITHDRAWN: Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates renal inflammation via autophagy induction in acute kidney injury

Abstract

// Rui Xin 1,* , Long Jin 2,* , Luying Liu 1,* , Lin Wang 3 , Yun Hou 1 , Xianghui Meng 4 , Yanxiao Xiang 5 , Xuhong Sun 1 , Weidong Jiang 3 , Xiaojie Wu 1 , Lixia Zhang 6 , Zhenzhen Du 6 , Xiying Luan 1 and Pengchao Du 1,* 1 College of Basic Medical, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 3 The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 4 Central hospital of ZiBo (GaoQing branch courts), Zibo, Shandong, China 5 Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 6 Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Pengchao Du, email: pengchaodu@163.com Keywords : NOD2; autophagy; TMP; acute kidney injury Received: July 27, 2017 Accepted: December 01, 2017 Epub: January 06, 2018 Abstract Tetramethylpyrazine was used to alleviate clinical renal injury in acute kidney injury, while the underlying molecular mechanism was poorly known. The activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) was focused on. In the present study, we showed that [ 1 ] tetramethylpyrazine protected against acute kidney injury through inhibition of the upregulation of NOD2 expression after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat models, in vivo ; [ 2 ] tetramethylpyrazine could significantly inhibit the upregulation of NOD2 expression induced by CoCl2 treatment and induce autophagy strongly in vitro ; [ 3 ] furtherly, the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on reducing NOD2 expression was blocked by autophagy inhibition in part. For the first time, these results provided evidence that tetramethylpyrazine could inhibit inflammation mediated by NOD2 to protect against renal injury in acute kidney injury via autophagy induction partly, which helped design a new approach to develop therapeutic strategies for prevention of deterioration of renal function and for treatment of acute kidney injury.