Abstract
WITHDRAWN: Source apportionment of fine PM by combining high time resolution organic and inorganic chemical composition datasets
Highlights
Ambient air particulate matter (PM) impacts both human health (Lelieveld et al, 2015) and the global climate (Baker and Peter, 2008; Leibensperger et al, 2012; Myhre et al, 2013)
The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for the combined use of hourly resolved organic and inorganic datasets with heterogeneous uncertainties for their use in source apportionment, in order to find an approach to deal with such issues
The online and offline elemental analyses were carried with two different techniques particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)/particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) and XRF, respectively
Summary
Ambient air particulate matter (PM) impacts both human health (Lelieveld et al, 2015) and the global climate (Baker and Peter, 2008; Leibensperger et al, 2012; Myhre et al, 2013). Particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) are associated with “all-cause” lung cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality (Pope et al, 2002). Ambient PM originates from several sources that are either directly emitted into the atmosphere or formed from precursor gases by different mechanisms, such as nucleation and condensation (Kulmala et al, 2004). In order to help establishing mitigation strategies concerning PM, sources of pollution should be identified and apportioned. Chemical markers may help with the identification of certain sources, such as biomass burning, sea spray and dust particles (Guieu et al, 2002; Ovadnevaite et al, 2012; Simoneit et al, 1999), the general case is that each source has a distinct chemical profile and time trend that cannot be directly distinguished from co-emitted sources. The most common RMs are based on factor analysis of observed variables weighted by their uncertainty (Hopke, 2009; Watson et al, 2008)
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