Abstract
// Chun-Na An 1 , Xiao-Ping Pu 2 , Qiu-Ping Yang 3 , Jing-Ting Dong 3 , Shu-Ying Han 1 , Rui Wei 1 and Hong-Ning Zhang 4 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China 3 Jitang College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China 4 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Correspondence to: Hong-Ning Zhang, email: zhang_hn2008@126.com Keywords: protocatechualdehyde; cyclophosphamide; testicular damage; DJ-1 Received: July 21, 2017 Accepted: November 28, 2017 Epub: January 02, 2018 ABSTRACT We studied the effects of protocatechualdehyde on mouse sperm survival and sperm membrane integrity in vitro and on cyclophosphamide-induced mouse testicular damage in vivo . Protocatechualdehyde (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL) improved sperm survival rate and sperm membrane integrity in separated mouse sperm (all P < .05). In cyclophosphamide-treated male mice (60 mg/kg/d by intraperitoneal injection, 5 days of treatment), protocatechualdehyde (40 mg/kg/d by intragastric gavage, 35 days of treatment) increased the testis index, epididymis index, and sperm nuclear maturity (all P < .05). Protocatechualdehyde also improved testis morphology characterized by orderly arranged layers of spermatogenic cells, numbers of sperm in the lumen, normal mesenchymal cells, and close and tidy arrangement of the seminiferous tubules. Protocatechualdehyde also increased testicular superoxide dismutase activity and elevated DJ-1 expression. In addition, it decreased expression of ICAM-1 and enhanced the expression of VCAM-1, PEDF, VEGF, and PPARγ. These findings indicate that protocatechualdehyde increases mouse sperm survival and sperm membrane integrity in vitro and reduces cyclophosphamide-induced mouse testicular damage via DJ-1 and other targets in vivo . Protocatechualdehyde may thus be useful for treating reproductive damage and antineoplastic cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity.
Highlights
Male infertility is increasing as a result of various causes, such as environmental exposure, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle changes [1,2,3]
We studied the effects of protocatechualdehyde on mouse sperm survival and sperm membrane integrity in vitro and on cyclophosphamide-induced mouse testicular damage in vivo
Protocatechualdehyde increased testicular superoxide dismutase activity and elevated DJ-1 expression. It decreased expression of ICAM-1 and enhanced the expression of VCAM-1, PEDF, VEGF, and PPARγ. These findings indicate that protocatechualdehyde increases mouse sperm survival and sperm membrane integrity in vitro and reduces cyclophosphamide-induced mouse testicular damage via DJ-1 and other targets in vivo
Summary
Male infertility is increasing as a result of various causes, such as environmental exposure, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle changes [1,2,3]. Drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CYP) can contribute to male infertility. L-carnitine can improve energy metabolism of sperm, no clearly effective drugs currently exist to treat male reproductive damage [8]. In China, doctors prescribe traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat male reproductive damage with good results [9]. To date, no monomer compound rooted in TCM has been used to treat male reproductive damage
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