WITHDRAWN: Machining of hard-to-cut materials: A review and future prospects

Abstract

Steels, titanium-, nickel-based superalloys, composites, and ceramics are materials commonly used in automotive, aerospace, mechanical engineering, and other industries. These materials have increased strength and heat-resistant properties, and that is why they are considered difficult to cut materials. These materials require particular approaches to advance the effectiveness of machining processes. This review article shows for the first time comprehensively of recent advanced efficient methods for enhancing the machining of hard-to-cut materials, namely for turning, milling, drilling, grinding, and other methods. Various methods of increasing the efficiency and machinability are considered, taking into account the thermal phenomena of the machining process and a directed change in temperature (decrease or increase) of individual sections of the surface of a tool or workpiece. The method of increasing tool life such as the use of new grades of tool materials and improvement of the design of the cutting tool, the use of various cooling methods, such as dry, conventional cooling system, high-pressure cooling (HPC), minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL), cryogenic lubrication (CL), improving the cutting tool wear resistance by hard coating, tool surface texturing, implementation of machining methods, among them vibration-assisted machining, thermally assisted machining, hybrid machining process were considered in this work. The influence of these methods on cutting forces, surface roughness, chip morphology, tool life and wear mode, temperature, environmental influences are shown. In the end, this article shows the advantages and disadvantages of using various methods of increasing machining hard-to-cut materials and outlines the development prospects.