WITHDRAWN: Leisure activity and social integration mitigate the risk of dementia related to cardiometabolic diseases: A population-based longitudinal study

Abstract

IntroductionThe effect of comorbid cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including diabetes, heart diseases, and stroke, on dementia remains unclear. MethodsA cohort of 2648 dementia-free adults aged ≥60 years was followed up for 12 years. An active lifestyle was defined in accordance with the engagement in leisure activities and/or a social network. Cox models were used in data analysis. ResultsThe multiadjusted hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) of dementia was 1.41 (1.07–1.86) for one, 2.38 (1.58–3.59) for two, and 4.76 (2.04–11.13) for three CMDs. In joint exposure analysis, the HR of dementia was 3.36 (2.14–5.30) for participants with CMDs plus an inactive lifestyle and 1.32 (0.95–1.84) for those with CMDs plus an active lifestyle (reference: no CMDs plus active lifestyle). An active lifestyle delayed dementia onset by 3.50 years in people with CMDs. DiscussionCMDs, especially when comorbid, are associated with increased dementia risk; however, leisure activities and social integration mitigate this risk.