WITHDRAWN: Improving Mechanical strength of bone-implant with primitive and gyroid lattice of PLA/cHAP and rGO composites

Abstract

Abstract The development, fabrication, and production of scaffolds that help in the regurgitation of tissues are significant setbacks in the world of tissue engineering. Therefore, This research analyses the potential development of scaffold reinforced with primitive and gyroid lattice of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA), calcium hydroxyapatite (cHAP) and Reduce Graphene Oxide (rGO) into new composite materials with superior mechanical properties for a bone implant. The biomaterial composites and lattice structure mimics bone structure and materials through gradual dissemination of interconnected PLA, cHAP and rGO materials into the 3D printer. Assessment and nano-structural analysis of the biodegradable composite was carried out, using surface roughness evaluation, mechanical and bioactivity analysis tests for the structure. The results show evidence that the scaffolds exhibited a quite high porosity level, with uniformity in the distribution of cHAP and rGO particles. The results obtained from in-vitro tests showed that the PLA/cHAP/rGO scaffolds were non-toxic with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. These results indicate that PLA/cHAP/rGO could provide improved osseointegration while maintaining the structural integrity of bone necessary for orthopaedic applications. Hence, the present study demonstrated that the PLA/cHAP/rGO scaffolds have a potential application in bone Implant.