WITHDRAWN: Energetic and Exergetic Performance Improvement of a Solar Flat Plate Collector Working with Nanofluid

Abstract

For maximum heat absorption by solar collectors, the use of a suitable fluid is very important. For this purpose, the energy analysis and maximum exergy use of the fluid are needed. Therefore, in this research, a nanofluid has been used in the flat plate collectors for maximum heat absorption. The effect of using nanofluid (Molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles) in a flat plate collector was evaluated by energy and exergy production. In this regard, a simulation was developed based on mathematical modeling in Ansys Fluent software. In this study, the flat plate collector was modeled while considering environmental parameters. To analyze the performance of the solar collector, two different mass flow rates were considered, and the effects of mass flow rate on different characteristics were investigated. In addition, solar collector evaluation for different nanoparticle shapes (i.e., Spherical, Square Pyramid, Hexagonal Prism, and Pentagonal Prism) was discussed. Based on the obtained results and according to the evaluation criteria of the thermal–hydraulic science in a volume fraction of ϕ = 5 % for a mass flow rate with ṁ=1kg/s, pentagonal prism nanoparticles were deemed the best model among different forms of nanoparticles, and their value was approximately 1.489. The flow with a mass flow rate of 0.75 kg/s upon adding spherical or pentagonal nanoparticles to the base fluid had no effect in terms of improving energy efficiency. Meanwhile, for a flow with a ṁ=1kg/s, we used a volume fraction of 2 % to 5 %.The present study and the observed results can be a suitable guide for improving the performance of flat plate solar collectors based on nanofluids.