WITHDRAWN: Application of GIS software in analyzing hydrodynamics of sub surface water demeanor zones in Gondwana sedimentary terrain of eastern India

Abstract

Abstract Gondwana study terrain of Orissa, India has diverse geological, geophysical, hydrological, hydrogeological and meteorological information which have been integrated for extensive study. The study aims at acknowledging the geology and hydrogeology of the region backing up with the type and existence of aquifers around the region. To get the detailed features 225 observation wells, 40 National Hydrograph Network Stations (NHNS), 40 groundwater monitoring (GWM) stations and 83 exploratory wells were collected from different sources to analyse the groundwater occurrence in the study area. The data obtained were integrated and initiated for lithological distribution, groundwater flow directions, depth to water levels in pre- and post-monsoon. Limited aquifer thickness of unconfined aquifer and poor yield from deeper aquifers has been studied intricately. Groundwater occurrence has provided a paradigm to in-depth study in association with detailed lateral and vertical demarcation and behaviour of aquifers. Taking into consideration about lithology, the area can be hydrogeologically divided into consolidated, semiconsolidated and unconsolidated zones. The semi and unconsolidated zones are the groundwater potential zones where the aquifer remains under saturated condition. Though semiconsolidated zones bear abundant volume of water but hydrological parameters illustrate that they do have the potentiality for shallow water wells whereas the fissured and fractured zones in consolidated formations yield perennial source of groundwater illustrating deep borings.