Abstract
Limited information on residue depletion of doxycycline (DC) is available in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using the determination of LC-MS/MS based upon a rapid and simple method of sample preparation. This study collected plasma and tissue samples of yellow catfish at pre-determined time points following 3-day consecutive oral administration of DC at 20 mg/kg. The samples were prepared using a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) approach. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were 2.5 and 5 µg/kg or µg/L, respectively, for DC in plasma and tissues (e.g., muscle + skin, liver, kidney, and gill). The recoveries of DC ranged from 67.2% to 86.2%. The decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) were from 106.2 to 127.8 μg/kg or μg/L. The withdrawal times of DC in muscle + skin were estimated to be 22 d based on the guidelines in China and Europe and 27 d based on Japan’s standard. Overall, this study not only provides an efficient method to rapidly determine the DC concentrations in fish-derived tissues but also provides important information on the safety assessment of DC in aquatic animal-derived food products.
Highlights
To date, it is well accepted that the use of antibiotics is still among the most efficacious approaches in global aquaculture for prophylactic and therapeutic diseases of fish caused by various pathogens, such as Edwardsiella ictalurid, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus, Vibrio, etc. [1]
Through the analysis of spiked samples by LC-MS/MS, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined as 2.5 μg/kg and 5 μg/kg in various tissues, respectively
Our LC-MS/MS determination method improved the LOD and LOQ of DC in fish-derived matrix compared to a typical HPLC determination method (i.e., LOQ of 5 vs. 50 μg/kg) [31], which can satisfy most of the requirements in residue measurement in aquatic animals
Summary
It is well accepted that the use of antibiotics is still among the most efficacious approaches in global aquaculture for prophylactic and therapeutic diseases of fish caused by various pathogens, such as Edwardsiella ictalurid, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus, Vibrio, etc. [1]. Antibiotics reduce the fish mortality rate to elevate fish production and economic profit, they bring a serious threat to food safety for humans due to the accumulation of drug residues in the fish bodies that can be delivered into the human body via the food chain. Excessive drug residues may produce various toxicological effects in humans, including vomiting, diarrhea, allergies, and hormone-like reactions [2]. It can even potentially cause an increase of drug resistance in pathogens [3]. Most countries stipulate the maximum residue limits (MRL) for approved drugs in edible tissues of food animals, including pigs, chickens, cattle, fish, etc. When meat products are available in markets, drug residue levels must be below MRLs to ensure food safety and minimize the negative impacts for humans
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