Abstract
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) preferably binds to LacdiNAc glycans, and its reactivity is associated with tumor progression. The aim of this study to examine whether the serum LacdiNAc carrying prostate-specific antigen–glycosylation isomer (PSA-Gi) and WFA-reactivity of tumor tissue can be applied as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of prostate cancer (PCa). Between 2007 and 2016, serum PSA-Gi levels before prostate biopsy (Pbx) were measured in 184 biopsy-proven benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and 244 PCa patients using an automated lectin-antibody immunoassay. WFA-reactivity on tumor was analyzed in 260 radical prostatectomy (RP) patients. Diagnostic and prognostic performance of serum PSA-Gi was evaluated using area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC). Prognostic performance of WFA-reactivity on tumor was evaluated via Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and nomogram. The AUC of serum PSA-Gi detecting PCa and predicting Pbx Grade Group (GG) 3 and GG ≥ 3 after RP was much higher than those of conventional PSA. Multivariate analysis showed that WFA-reactivity on prostate tumor was an independent risk factor of PSA recurrence. The nomogram was a strong model for predicting PSA-free survival provability with a c-index ≥0.7. Serum PSA-Gi levels and WFA-reactivity on prostate tumor may be a novel diagnostic and pre- and post-operative prognostic biomarkers of PCa, respectively.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer in men worldwide [1,2]
Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–glycosylation isomer (PSA-Gi) levels before Pbx was measured in 92 prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) to evaluate the pre-operative prognostic performance
Fukushima et al demonstrated that PSA derived from PCa serum and culture supernatant of LNCaP carries Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)-reactive LacdiNAc glycans; this is not the case for PSA derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia hyperplasia (BPH) serum [21] (Figure 1)
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer in men worldwide [1,2]. The most important issues regarding PCa is overdiagnosis and overtreatment [3,4]. N-glycans significantly significantly decreases decreases during during progression of human human breast cancer contrast, the enhanced expression of LacdiNAc has beenhas shown be associated breast cancer[13,14]. [13,14].InIn contrast, the enhanced expression of LacdiNAc beentoshown to be with the progression of human prostate, ovarian, colon, and liver cancers [12,15,16,17]. In this study, we and pre-operative prognostic performance of serum PSA-Gi and examined theof association between retrospectively evaluated diagnostic and pre-operative prognostic performance serum PSA-Gi and WFA-reactivity on PCa tissues and PSA recurrence after. Examined the association between WFA-reactivity on PCa tissues and PSA recurrence after RP
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