Abstract
In modern implantable medical devices (IMDs), wireless power transmission (WPT) between inside and outside of the animal body is essential to power the IMD. Unlike conventional WPT, which transmits the wireless power only between fixed Tx and Rx coils, the wirelessly-powered cage system can wirelessly power the IMD implanted in a small animal subject while the animal freely moves inside the cage during the experiment. A few wirelessly-powered cage systems have been developed to either directly power the IMD or recharge batteries during the experiment. Since these systems adapted different power carrier frequencies, coil configurations, subject tracking techniques, and wireless powered area, it is important for designers to select suitable wirelessly-powered cage designs, considering the practical limitations in wirelessly powering the IMD, such as power transfer efficiency (PTE), power delivered to load (PDL), closed-loop power control (CLPC), scalability, spatial/angular misalignment, near-field data telemetry, and safety issues against various perturbations during the longitudinal animal experiment. In this article, we review the trend of state-of-the-art wirelessly-powered cage designs and practical considerations of relevant technologies for various IMD applications.
Highlights
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been developed for behavioral neurosciences which research on small freely moving animal subjects, such as rodents [1,2,3,4,5]
In this case, optimizing the four-coil inductive link means increasing the minimum power transfer efficiency (PTE) within the homecage to ensure power delivered to the load (PDL) is enough to keep the headstage on when the closed-loop power control (CLPC) adjusts the Tx power, as opposed to maximizing PTE in the perfectly aligned regions in traditional coil optimization
[37,38], it isfor important performance mainly focus on long-term recording and animal stimulation functionalities central to and peripheral nervous systems onplatform freely behaving animal subjects
Summary
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been developed for behavioral neurosciences which research on small freely moving animal subjects, such as rodents [1,2,3,4,5]. 2020, 9, 1999 wirelessly-powered cages for mm-sized IMDs, followed by a conclusion. Figure categorized by by power powersources: sources:(a)(a) hard-wired, battery-powered, wirelessly-powered at a fixed distance, and wirelessly-powered neural interfaces for freely(c) wirelessly-powered at a fixed distance, and (d) wirelessly-powered neural interfaces for moving animal
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