Abstract
Abstract The article discusses vulnerability of wireless sensors networks to weather-based disruptions considering the opinions of different experts published in a range of scientific materials. The introduction provides a brief overview of wireless signals in real world conditions focusing on how weather affects signals (rain, fog and clouds, snow, hail, lightning, wind, bodies of water, trees and physical obstruction). Information about the effects of weather on wireless sensor networks using Free Space Optical / Radio Frequency (FSO/RF) communication is then provided. Finally, the impact of weather conditions on MANET routing protocols is considered theoretically, and experimental simulations are performed by comparing the sustainability of different protocols to different weather conditions. After analysis of experiment results, ideas on how to decrease vulnerability of wireless networks to weather-based disruptions are discussed.
Highlights
HOW WEATHER AFFECTS WIRELESS SIGNALRecent research has demonstrated that different weather phenomena affect the wireless links in a variety of ways
There are tables developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), where the Earth is divided into 15 climatic zones depending on precipitation; R values that are exceeded for different periods of time during the year are shown
The study led to the following conclusions: a) The presence of trees near the location of the subscriber can lead to fading due to multipath propagation; b) The main multipath effects caused by the presence of leaf cover are diffraction and scattering; c) Measurements carried out in the gardens with a periodic structure gave the following results: absorption of 12–20 dB per tree for hardwoods and up to 40 dB for a group of 1–3 conifers when the foliage is within 60 % of the first Fresnel zone; d) The effects of multipath propagation are strongly dependent on wind
Summary
Recent research has demonstrated that different weather phenomena affect the wireless links in a variety of ways. The main concern is about the periods of time during which the intensity of rain exceeds a certain threshold It all depends on the climate zone. There are tables developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), where the Earth is divided into 15 climatic zones depending on precipitation; R values that are exceeded for different periods of time during the year are shown. This information can be used to determine the availability of a radio channel [4]
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