Wireless sensor network technology and geospatial technology for groundwater quality monitoring

Abstract

Water aids in digesting vital nutrients from meals, contributing to the overall health. Lakes, rivers, ponds, and wells are examples of water sources. The water quality from these sources must be continuously monitored since it changes over time. The groundwater's quality varies as more water is pumped out of the sources. Continuous groundwater monitoring is required to provide water of a high level. This study uses a wireless sensor network device to create, test, and monitor the groundwater quality in a specific region. To install the system, 13 open wells were chosen from two areas in Chennai, India, namely Ayappakkam and Kundrathur. The deployed wireless sensor device monitors temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved salts, and pH. Groundwater samples were collected and examined in a laboratory to confirm the sensor data. In both the Kundrathur and Ayyapakkam study areas, the IoT sensor-based measurements showcased significant ranges for key groundwater quality parameters: pH (6.2 to 11.89), DO (-16 to 25 mg/L), TDS (376.2 to 1,289.70 ppm), temperature (27.76 to 30.39 °C), and turbidity (1.11 to 199.23 NTU), when compared to corresponding lab test results obtained for pH (7.30 to 8.44), DO (10.20 to 15.30 mg/L), TDS (515 to 1347 ppm), temperature (20.00 to 29.06 °C), and turbidity (70 to 180 NTU). This novel approach to monitoring groundwater quality is more beneficial for continuous monitoring and sustainable development.