Abstract
This paper focuses on wireless powered 5G dense cellular networks, where base station (BS) delivers energy to user equipment (UE) via the microwave radiation in sub-6 GHz or millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency, and UE uses the harvested energy for uplink information transmission. By addressing the impacts of employing different number of antennas and bandwidths at lower and higher frequencies, we evaluate the amount of harvested energy and throughput in such networks. Based on the derived results, we obtain the required small cell density to achieve an expected level of harvested energy or throughput. Also, we obtain that when the ratio of the number of sub-6 GHz BSs to that of the mmWave BSs is lower than a given threshold, UE harvests more energy from a mmWave BS than a sub-6 GHz BS. We find how many mmWave small cells are needed to perform better than the sub-6 GHz small cells from the perspectives of harvested energy and throughput. Our results reveal that the amount of harvested energy from the mmWave tier can be comparable to the sub-6 GHz counterpart in the dense scenarios. For the same tier scale, mmWave tier can achieve higher throughput. Furthermore, the throughput gap between different mmWave frequencies increases with the mmWave BS density.
Highlights
W IRELESS power transfer (WPT) is an appealing approach to prolong the lifetime of user equipment (UE), when compared to the traditional energy harvesting sources such as solar and wind that highly depend upon the conditions of the environments
In wireless powered cellular networks encompassing sub-6 GHz base station (BS) and millimeter wave (mmWave) BSs equipped with their respective antenna arrays, WPT can operate at different frequencies, and a UE with finite battery capacity may harvest RF energy in the sub-6 GHz tier or the mmWave tier for accomplishing uplink information transmission
We model a wireless powered cellular network consisting of sub-6 GHz BSs and mmWave BSs equipped with antenna arrays, with the help of stochastic geometry
Summary
W IRELESS power transfer (WPT) is an appealing approach to prolong the lifetime of user equipment (UE), when compared to the traditional energy harvesting sources such as solar and wind that highly depend upon the conditions of the environments. The implementation of WPT in conventional cellular networks may be challenging, due to the fact that it cannot support long-distance WPT in the absence of directed power beams, and small cells are not Manuscript received November 12, 2016; revised March 15, 2017; accepted March 31, 2017. Dense small cells will be deployed to provide proximity services, which drastically reduce propagation loss for WPT. We study wireless powered dense cellular networks, in which active UE may select a sub-6 GHz or mmWave BS as dedicated RF energy source, and utilizes its harvested energy for uplink information transmission. This work will answer how many sub-6 GHz/mmWave small cells are needed in order to achieve some target harvested energy and throughput. We derive the number of mmWave small cells that is required to achieve better performance than the sub-6 GHz counterpart
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