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Abstract
Dissipative media (underground/underwater, biological materials and tissues, etc.) pose a challenge to inductive wireless power transfer systems as they generally attenuate the near fields that enable mutual coupling. Apart from this, the impact of the environment on electromagnetic fields can also be seen in the self-impedance of coils, resulting in significant eddy current losses and detuning effects. In this article, we study, theoretically, the mechanism of wireless power transfer via a pair of magnetic resonators inside an infinite homogeneous medium with a comprehensive circuit model that takes into account all the electromagnetic effects of the background medium. This analytical approach can offer deep insights into the design and operation of wireless charging systems in non-ideal environments.
Highlights
Dielectric cavities providing coil insulation are often made of common low-loss and low-permittivity polymers for hard-packaging, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
We refer the difference between the selfinductance of the coils in a lossy medium and that in free space as
While it may be roughly understood that the resistance of the resonators increases due to the impact of the excited eddy currents, we emphasize that it is the inductance, which is calculated by integrating the magnetic vector potential generated by the eddy currents over the volume of the coil itself
Summary
Recent studies have paid significant attention to the impact of eddy currents on magnetically coupled resonators, such as complex mutual inductance,6,7,10–12 eddy current loss,6,10–12 and detuning effects.6,11,12 from the theoretical point of view, the models used in these works seem to be incomplete. These works proposed an analytical method to quantitatively evaluate the effects of eddy currents, some important parameters were obtained through simulation and experimental means.11,12 Recently, the authors of Ref. 13 proposed an equivalent circuit model for two coupled resonators inside an arbitrary medium that analytically incorporates all electromagnetic couplings and feedback effects.
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