Wireless Monitoring of Biological Objects at Microwaves

Irina Vendik,Irina Munina,Orest Vendik,Pavel Turalchuk,Vitalii Kirillov,Vladimir Pleskachev

doi:10.3390/electronics10111288

Irina Vendik, Irina Munina + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111288

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Abstract

Electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation inside and along the surface of the human body is the subject of active research in the field of biomedical applications of microwaves. This research area is the basis for wireless monitoring of biological object parameters and characteristics. Solutions to the following problems are crucial for achieving the stated goals in the area of wireless monitoring: EM wave propagation inside and on-body surface. The biological object monitoring is based on a consideration of the following problems: (i) dielectric properties of a biological issue; (ii) EM wave propagation in biological medium; (iii) propagation of EM waves across the boundary of two media (biological medium–air): wave reflection and refraction; (iv) EM wave propagation in a multilayer biological medium; (v) EM wave propagation along the plane or curved surface of biological objects.

Highlights

Systems of radio-frequency identification (RFID) are used for biomedical applications, such as remote diagnostics and wireless monitoring of human health
The following problems are of high importance: (i) propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves inside the biological medium, (ii) EM wave propagation along the interface between different media, (iii) on-body surface electromagnetic wave propagation, and (iv) RF system design for biological object monitoring
Much attention has been paid in recent years to RFID systems intended for biomedical applications, such as remote diagnostics of disease, wireless monitoring of human health, providing safety of life, etc

Summary

Introduction

Systems of radio-frequency identification (RFID) are used for biomedical applications, such as remote diagnostics and wireless monitoring of human health. For the near field system, magnetic coupling is used for radio tags and readers, limiting the influence of the dielectric properties of the medium on the signal transmission For another type of RFID systems, the radiation of electromagnetic waves in the far zone is used, providing a significant range of radio wave propagation when the radio tags are attached externally to clothing or directly to the body surface for use in emergency situations. In this case, the dielectric properties of the biological medium are of high importance. Propagation in the Propagation the wave inisthe multilayer homogeneous tissue as wellof as in the EM layered medium under consideration. biological ob

Electromagnetic Waves in Biological Medium

Propagation of the EM Wave through the Biological Medium–Air Interface

14. The model used for the surface andwave creeping wave simulation:

Conclusions