Abstract
Current ground-based transportation systems are subjected to various challenges, including the high cost of infrastructure development, limited land space, and a growing urban population. Therefore, the automotive and aviation industries are collaborating to develop flying cars, also known as electric, vertical, takeoff, and landing aircrafts (eVTOLs). These eVTOLs will allow for rapid and reliable urban and suburban transportation. Safe operation of eVTOLs will require well-developed wireless communication networks; however, existing communication technologies need enhancement in order to provide services to flying cars. We describe several potential innovations that make communication between eVTOLs and the ground feasible. These innovations include three-dimensional cellular networks on-ground, tethered balloons, high-altitude platforms, and satellites.
Highlights
Flying promises a boundless freedom that has always been a dream of human society
Based on these relevant effects, the channel model described by the received power at the eVTOL from the tethered balloons (TBs) is expressed as follows (Khuwaja et al (2018)): Pr[dB] Pt[dB] − free space path loss (FSPL)[dB] − s[dB] − Al[dB] − Af [dB], (10)
In addition to the other types of channel losses that we considered for the TBs-to-eVTOL link, in the case of high-altitude platforms (HAPs)-toeVTOL links, it is important to model the effect of the elevation angle
Summary
Flying promises a boundless freedom that has always been a dream of human society. To fulfill this dream, the aviation and automobile industries have pushed the bounds of innovation to introduce electric, vertical, takeoff, and landing vehicles (eVTOLs). EVTOL technology faces a number of challenges, including the need for certification from the regulation authorities, a dearth of efficient batteries for long-range transportation, interference with the existing air traffic control systems, the need for developing the communication system, few safety considerations, high vehicle noise, and the need for the vertical ports Rajashekara et al (2016); Sutherland (2019); Pan and Alouini (2021) Unlike TBs and HAPs, the eVTOL-to-BS link suffers from small-scale fading with channel gains of ΩL and ΩN for LoS and NLoS components, respectively It is a common practice using Nakagami fading for the characterization of a wireless channel, where the probability density function (PDF) of signal power undergoing Nakagami fading follows the gamma distribution Parsons (2000). The signal-to-noise ratio is calculated as cc Pr[dB] − N0c[dB], where N0c is the noise power
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