Wireless Closed-Loop Optical Regulation System for Seizure Detection and Suppression In Vivo

Yamin Li,Jingyu Xie,Yiding Wang,Yiming Duan,Shengwei Xu,Miao Yuan,Hongda Chen,Xiaowei Yang,Yilin Song,Xinxia Cai,Yijun Wang,Mixia Wang,Xiaoting Wu,Qianli Jia,Weihua Pei,Yuchuan Dai,Yang Wang,Gucheng Yang

doi:10.3389/fnano.2022.829751

Abstract

There are approximately 50 million people with epilepsy worldwide, even about 25% of whom cannot be effectively controlled by drugs or surgical treatment. A wireless closed-loop system for epilepsy detection and suppression is proposed in this study. The system is composed of an implantable optrode, wireless recording, wireless energy supply, and a control module. The system can monitor brain electrical activity in real time. When seizures are recognized, the optrode will be turned on. The preset photosensitive caged compounds are activated to inhibit the seizure. When seizures are inhibited or end, the optrode is turned off. The method demonstrates a practical wireless closed-loop epilepsy therapy system.

Highlights

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by transient central nervous system dysfunction caused by the abnormal discharge of brain neurons
The platinum electrode and the optrode were inserted into 0.1 M phosphoric acid buffer to test the impedance at frequencies from 1 Hz to 100 kHz
The three-electrode test system was used to measure the impedance of the optrode, in which the platinum electrode is used as the reference electrode and the counter electrode

Summary

Introduction

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by transient central nervous system dysfunction caused by the abnormal discharge of brain neurons. Clinical manifestations are symptoms of motor, sensory, consciousness, and neural dysfunction (Mormann et al, 2006; Sterbova et al, 2018). It affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, of which 25% have intractable epilepsy (Bordey, 2021; Gao et al, 2021). For patients with intractable epilepsy, even the maximum dose of drugs cannot fully inhibit seizures. The absorption and accumulation of antiepileptic drugs will lead to significant side effects (Hoffman et al, 2020). Surgery is an effective therapy in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. It has certain risks and produces sequelae (Dai et al, 2020)

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Conclusion