Abstract
In this paper, an efficient passive wireless harmonic communication system is proposed for the real-time monitoring of the pressurized pipelines. A pressure sensor is fabricated using the additive manufacturing technique and a harmonic radio frequency (RF) tag is designed to operate at the fundamental frequency (f) of 2 GHz that shifts the phase of the back reflected RF signal according to the applied pressure ranging from 0 to 20 psi. A power efficient phase modulation with virtually no losses is achieved using a hybrid coupler-based phase shifter that efficiently reflect back the incoming signal using an end coupled reactive impedance element/sensor. The phase delay introduced by the reactive element gets doubled with the second harmonic communication, which increases the sensitivity by a factor of two. The concept of harmonic backscattering is exploited to reduce the effects of multi-path interference and self jamming, as well as improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Highlights
Pipelines are the safest and economically viable arterial networks for transporting natural gases and oils across the globe
In order to prevent such failures, there is a growing need for the development of economical, real-time, scalable, structural integrity monitoring, and sensing system for the pipeline infrastructure implemented in refineries, chemical plants and manufacturing facilities
Pressure information is modulated on the 2 GHz signal in the form of a phase with no power loss is a significant feat for passive radio frequency (RF) tag technology, where a small amount of energy saving can lead to a huge improvement in range or signal-to-noise ratio
Summary
Pipelines are the safest and economically viable arterial networks for transporting natural gases and oils across the globe. Any material subjected to a high or a low cyclic pressure over a prolonged period of time induces a stress on the material. This stress over time compromises the safety and reliability of the pipeline and may lead to a catastrophic failure [2,3,4]. In order to prevent such failures, there is a growing need for the development of economical, real-time, scalable, structural integrity monitoring, and sensing system for the pipeline infrastructure implemented in refineries, chemical plants and manufacturing facilities
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