Abstract
<p>The objectives of our experiments are the description of the phenotypic and genotypic variability by the main agriculture-value traits of the new winter wheat lines according to their interactions with different environmental conditions. Five new winter wheat lines were investigated at field experiment during three years by parameters of grain productivity and quality, uptaking of macro- and microelements and heavy metals from soil under different relief conditions.</p><p>Our investigations confirmed statement about more perspective direction for exploiting local sources for winter wheat improvement and closely relation between concentration of nutrient substances in plants, their loss from soil and peculiarities of relief, genotype and limits of adaptation. We developed high-adaptive line 213 (‘Leana’), which provides us higher than standard grain yield under all conditions. All lines showed higher grain productivity under favorable conditions than control. Variability of traits was higher under south slope conditions (unfavorable conditions) rather than on other (proper conditions). Only line 156 was identified by good protein content and composition under every condition for gliadin and glutenin components. Influence of relief on microelements and heavy metals uptake to the winter wheat plants is not so important as for macroelements and, in consequence, for grain productivity and quality.</p>
Highlights
One of the main problem of bread wheat improvement at new century is using of local sources for improvement in breeding programs
Field experiments on yield and grain quality of main cereal crops are usually limited to a one type of agrolandscape, one or two points in geographical zone and are measured on number of officially released varieties
These ecological surveys are conducted without any record on genotype special demands in nutrition sources and ecological requirements to realize potential yield and grain quality traits
Summary
One of the main problem of bread wheat improvement at new century is using of local sources for improvement in breeding programs. In the last 60 years plant breeding programs in terms of intensive agriculture led to the total replacement of landraces by modern semi-dwarf and high-yielding varieties, correlating with a decrease in wheat genetic diversity and needs in special requirements for realization their potential, but local sources were not taken into account at this process (Kharytonov et al, 2017; Nazarenko, 2017). Wheat improvement, which bases on the principal of ecological adaptability and taking into account special interactions between environment and genotypes, special abilities for changeability under unfavorable conditions provides us new approaches for formation stable agroecological systems without great losses at productivity (as an example local programs of INRA (France) (Bordes et al, 2011)
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