Winter wheat stable yield formation depending on the cultivation technology in the arid zone of the Central Ciscaucasia

Abstract

The problem of rational tillage has always been relevant. Many indicators of soil fertility and the growth and development of plants depend on its rationality. In the experiments that were carried out in the arid zone of the Central Ciscaucasia, the object of the study was winter wheat, cultivated according to the predecessors of corn for grain. The subject of research is zero and traditional technology of crop cultivation. Soil cultivation was carried out according to the traditional technology - after harvesting the predecessor, the 6x4 PM is disked to a depth of 12-14 cm, then non-moldboard tillage with a PCh-4 chisel tool to a depth of 20-22 cm. As weeds appear, PS-4 is cultivated, sowing is carried out with a Bystritsa. Zero technology includes: spraying crops with herbicides using a John Deere sprayer and sowing with a Gerardi G 24 seeder. As a result, it was found that the cultivation of crops using zero technology contributes to obtaining friendly and timely shoots. The 0-20 cm layer contained 26.1 mm of moisture with zero technology and 10.9 mm with traditional technology, this is especially true in dry years. The water resistance of the soil structure in the no-till option is characterized as excellent, to a greater extent this is due to the accumulation of plant residues. The yield obtained on the zero option is significantly higher in comparison with the traditional technology of winter wheat cultivation.