Abstract
Modern technologies of winter wheat growing need to be improved taking into account the results of ecological evaluation of their impact on soil fertility indices. We aimed to assess the technologies of winter wheat growing in different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine by their influence on soil fertility. It is known that in order to estimate ecological safety of crop growing technologies, it is advisable to use a method based on identifying negative impacts on soil fertility. We propose the group of deviation values from the optimum as follows: (i) strong, which leads to an unsatisfactory ecological condition (˃ 50 %), (ii) average that provides a satisfactory state (˃ 25 %, but ˂ 50 %), (iii) moderate, which provides a normal state (≤ 10 %, but ˂ 25 %), (iv) absent, an optimal condition is provided (˂ 10 %). It is revealed that technologies of winter wheat growing in the conditions of Polissya, Forest-steppe and Steppe Zones of Ukraine can have a negative influence on potassium regime in soils, the influence by intensity can vary from moderate to strong. In Polissya and Forest-steppe, winter wheat growing can lead to deterioration of soil pH status. In Steppe, along with the potassium regime, the technologies can negatively influence soil nitrogen status and the effect may be characterized as strong.
Highlights
At the International Congress on Environmental Issues in Agriculture (Lefebvre et al, 2005) where the most important issues of modern agrotechnologies were discussed, it was stated that their ecological safety is one of the main requirements nowadays
It has been shown by researches (Davidson, 2000; Arshad and Martin, 2002; Ţenu et al, 2009; Killebrew and Wolff, 2010; Makarenko and Bondar, 2012) that it is impossible to identify environmental risks and to develop technologies that would meet the modern environmental standards without studying the mechanisms of negative influence of agrotechnical methods of crops growing on ecosystem components (Karlen et al, 2003; Killebrew and Wolff, 2010; Makarenko and Bondar, 2013)
The optimal soil parameters by fertility indices were determined according to DSTU 4362: 2004 “Soil quality
Summary
At the International Congress on Environmental Issues in Agriculture (Lefebvre et al, 2005) where the most important issues of modern agrotechnologies were discussed, it was stated that their ecological safety is one of the main requirements nowadays It has been shown by researches (Davidson, 2000; Arshad and Martin, 2002; Ţenu et al, 2009; Killebrew and Wolff, 2010; Makarenko and Bondar, 2012) that it is impossible to identify environmental risks and to develop technologies that would meet the modern environmental standards without studying the mechanisms of negative influence of agrotechnical methods of crops growing on ecosystem components (Karlen et al, 2003; Killebrew and Wolff, 2010; Makarenko and Bondar, 2013). Soil tillage, application of pesticides, mineral fertilizers, growth regulators, which can lead to violation of natural processes in the soil system and to soil degradation (Puskás and Farsang, 2009; Killebrew and Wolff, 2010; Mueller et al, 2012)
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