Abstract
Understanding the thermal performance of the residential envelope is important for optimizing the indoor thermal environment. In this study, the indoor thermal environment and thermal performance of rural residences housing the elderly was determined through field measurements in Qiqihar in 2017 and 2019. The results revealed that the living room temperatures in more than 50% of homes were below the thermal neutral temperature for the elderly (17.32 °C). Moreover, the indoor thermal environment changed significantly during the day, with the predicted mean vote during the day fluctuating from 2 to 4 units. The air change rate of living rooms in 2017 and 2019 was 0.20–2.20 h−1 and 0.15–1.74 h−1, respectively. Residential ventilation times detected by an air-tightness detector ranged from 0.40–1.49 h−1. Furthermore, infrared thermography (IRT) detected air leakage in the windows of the all houses in this study, as well as thermal bridges and condensation on the exterior walls of several houses. The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior walls of all houses detected by IRT was 0.25–0.74 W/(m2·K), and a significant positive correlation was observed between the heat transfer coefficient of the south wall and the window-to-wall ratio. Finally, the heat transfer coefficient of the external walls exhibited a negative but not significant correlation with indoor temperature. This study provides detailed data and guidance for improving the indoor environment of rural houses in severe cold regions.
Highlights
In recent years, urbanization has developed rapidly in China; 40% of the population still lives in rural areas [1]
This study aimed to provide guidance for optimizing the indoor thermal environment of rural elderly housing in this climatic zone
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Summary
Urbanization has developed rapidly in China; 40% of the population still lives in rural areas [1]. China’s urban and rural development is unequal; in severe cold regions, urban residences are provided with centralized heating, whereas rural residences still adopt a decentralized heating method [3,4]. Numerous international studies have analyzed the health of the elderly living in cold environments and reported that a low temperature environment leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [6,7,8]. As centralized heating is not attainable in rural areas, it is necessary to analyze heating types and the thermal performance of the residential envelope in China in order to determine the current status of indoor thermal environments and achieve a more comfortable indoor thermal environment for rural elderly housing
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