Winter graftings is one of the ways of reproduction of stone fruit crops

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of some techniques for obtaining planting material of stone fruit crops (fruit trees). Rootstocks and scions for cherry ( Prunus subg. Cerasus) and wild cherry ( Prunus avium ) mostly of Russian selection together with cultivars zoned in the region were the objects of the research. Winter grafting, including a double one, was used as a method of propagation. Three-component grafting (using intermediate scions) was done in order to accelerate the process of growing young trees for laying gardens of moderate growth power. The analysis of the data obtained during the period of stratification and nursery fields with a planting scheme 70 x 15 cm was presented in the article. The phenological and biometric indicators of grafted plants were described. This allowed us to make a conclusion about the effect of cultivar-and-rootstock combinations on the power of plant growth. The tallest ones were saplings of cherry tree cultivar Melitopolskaya Desertnaya in the control variant of the experiment (grafted on wild cherry). The standard output was 79 thousand young trees per hectare. Weak-growing ones were cherry plants with the scions of cherry cultivar Bordovaya. The output of the standard was 23% less than in the control and amounted up to 61 thousand young trees per hectare. Speaking about wild cherry, the combination of Melitopolskaya Chernaya cultivar grafted on wild cherry with the SL 64 scion could be attributed to the tall ones. More than 75% of grafted trees were 121-143 cm high. Growing of planting material with the use of the winter grafting technique is one of the leading methods of propagation. It causes a more balanced distribution of labor forces during the year and the time of young trees growing become one year shorter.