Wine Intake in the Framework of a Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Short Literature Review of the Last 5 Years.

Simona Minzer,Ramon Estruch,Rosa Casas

doi:10.3390/molecules25215045

Abstract

Dietary habits are a determining factor of the higher incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the aim to find a possible preventive and intervention strategy, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been proposed as an effective approach. Within the MedDiet, moderate wine consumption with meals is a positive item in the MedDiet score; however, recent studies have reported a dose-response association between alcohol consumption and higher risk of a large number of NCDs. This review aimed to evaluate the association between NCDs and wine consumption in the framework of the MedDiet, with a simple review of 22 studies of the highest-level literature published over the last five years. We found that the information regarding the effects of wine in different health outcomes has not varied widely over the past five years, finding inconclusive results among the studies evaluated. Most of the literature agrees that light to moderate wine intake seems to have beneficial effects to some extent in NCDs, such as hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia and dementia, but no definitive recommendations can be made on a specific dose intake that can benefit most diseases.

Highlights

Lifestyle, including dietary habits, is a determining factor of the high incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and dementia [1]
Several studies have shown that non-smokers, the practice of physical activity, having an adequate body mass index (BMI) and a healthy diet pattern, with moderate alcohol consumption, are factors associated with a lower risk of mortality by all causes and CVD (≥65%) compared to subjects who have an unhealthy lifestyle [2,3,4]
This review aimed to evaluate the association between NCD and wine consumption within the framework of a Mediterranean diet pattern (MDP) and its underlying mechanisms of protection, with a simple review of the highest-level literature (randomized control trials (RCT) and meta-analyses) published in the last five years, evaluating humans, adults (>18 years), addressing wine intake or red wine polyphenols

Summary

Introduction

Lifestyle, including dietary habits, is a determining factor of the high incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and dementia [1]. In this sense, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns throughout different clinical trials, and prospective cohort studies and has been proposed as an effective approach for CVD prevention and intervention [6,7,8]. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns throughout different clinical trials, and prospective cohort studies and has been proposed as an effective approach for CVD prevention and intervention [6,7,8] This healthy dietary pattern is recommended by the American Heart Association and has been included in the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [6,9]. The MedDiet has been associated with better long-term weight control, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, Molecules 2020, 25, 5045; doi:10.3390/molecules25215045 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules

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