Abstract
The health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been extensively studied during the last few decades. Some studies have demonstrated protective associations between moderate drinking and several diseases including oral cavity cancer (OCC). However, due to the various adverse effects related to ethanol content, the recommendation of moderate wine consumption has been controversial. The polyphenolic components of wine contribute to its beneficial effects with different biological pathways, including antioxidant, lipid regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. On the other hand, in the oral cavity, ethanol is oxidized to form acetaldehyde, a metabolite with genotoxic properties. This review is a critical compilation of both the beneficial and the detrimental effects of wine consumption on OCC.
Highlights
Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is a neoplastic condition characterized by the malignant transformation of the lips, oral cavity or oropharynx cells
8-nitroguanine, which is a potentially mutagenic DNA lesion, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, one of the most frequent DNA base modifications associated with oxidative damage, has been found in the tissue of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) [38,39], oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [38] and leucoplakia [40], though no immune-reactivity was observed in normal oral mucosa [38]
These findings suggest that resveratrol may be potentially efficacious for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer [124]
Summary
Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is a neoplastic condition characterized by the malignant transformation of the lips, oral cavity or oropharynx cells. The relative risk of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus and larynx are around five for an amount of around 50 g/day of ethanol [13]. These values are higher than the ones that define moderate consumption (up to one drink—equivalent to about 12 g of ethanol—per day in women and up to two in men, of all types of alcoholic beverages combined) [13]. Molecules 2020, 25, 2569 it seems that the intra-oral actions of both ethanol and the phenolic portion of the wine overlap with the systemic ones, which makes OCC a peculiar type of disease to study.
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