Wind, Wave and Current Modeling and Prediction

Abstract

Abstract Numerical modeling of wind, wave and current fields in the ocean environment is discussed, with emphasis on commonly‐used models and gridding systems. After a brief introduction to numerical modeling, comparisons between Cartesian and curvilinear coordinate system reveal the utility of the latter when accommodating curved boundaries such as shorelines. Wind models are discussed next, with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model used as a general example. It is noted that both the US Navy and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory have their own weather models which also provide operational forecasts. Wave models are next, with distinctions made between first, second and third generation models. The Wave Model (WAM) serves as the example model, with discussion of models with more advanced physics following. Ocean circulation models are then outlined, starting with the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and following through more advanced models. In addition, distinctions between various vertical discretization schemes (z‐coordinate, σ‐coordinate, isopycnal, or hybrids of these) are made clear. Prediction methodology and ensemble generation are also discussed and their utility for evaluating the robustness of predictions outlined. Finally, various methods for forecast dissemination are discussed.