Abstract
The supportive role of wind turbines during frequency drops is still not clear enough, although there are many proposed algorithms. Most of the offered techniques make the wind turbine deviates from optimum power generation operation to special operation modes, to guarantee the availability of reasonable power support, when the system suffers frequency deviations. This paper summarizes the most dominant support algorithms and derives wind turbine power curves for each one. It also conducts a comparison from the point of view of wasted energy, with respect to optimum power generation. The authors insure the advantage of a frequency support algorithm, they previously presented, as it achieved lower amounts of wasted energy. This analysis is performed in two locations that are promising candidates for hosting wind farms in Egypt. Additionally, two different types of wind turbines from two different manufacturers are integrated. Matlab and Simulink are the implemented simulation environments.
Highlights
The expectations of wind energy penetration in conventional power networks are very promising
It is worth mentioning that in Ghareb site pre-analysis showed that, base rotor speed for Gameza-90 MW (G-90) should be 2.08 rad/s (the highlighted value in table (4)). This theoretical value exceeds the maximum allowed speed of G-90, the base speed is adjusted to the wind turbines (WTs) speed ceil, namely, 1.99 rad/s
The supportive response of WTs during system frequency drops is mandatory at high levels of wind energy contribution in power systems
Summary
The expectations of wind energy penetration in conventional power networks are very promising. SOs face hard times during fault events, either frequency or voltage dips, because the traditional primary and secondary responses scenarios are not applicable by WFs. As an illustration, in conventional plants (e.g. steam generators), SOs can and efficiently control the output active and reactive powers through governors and excitation systems [2]. WS is neither controlled nor expected with high accuracy To overcome such problems, research activities presented several algorithms to make the wind turbines (WTs) and WFs capable of supporting the system, or at least survive during voltage and frequency events [3, 4]. Literature provided different algorithms to guarantee an acceptable amount of supportive active power, which is injected by WFs during frequency events To achieve this aim, WTs are not operated based on maximum power tracking (MPT), but other control methods for speed and/or torque. Pitch angle influence was neutralized by fixing the pitch angle as long as the WS is below its rated value (WSR) [10]
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