Abstract
Abstract A programme of work has been carried out using wind-tunnel modelling to investigate the effect of surface roughness on dense-gas dispersion from ground-level sources where the roughness height is large compared with the cloud depth. Neutrally buoyant gas releases were included as control experiments. The results are compared with results of a 1:100 scale simulation of dispersion in high roughness conducted by CPP Inc. for the American Petroleum Institute (API). For surface roughness lengths, z0, smaller than about 0.5 cm (0.5 m full scale), dispersion is shown to be well described by a Gaussian plume model. Plume width and depth increase with z0 and are simple functions of distance from the source. For larger roughness, dispersion depends on the arrangement of the roughness elements, plume width, σy, can be restricted by channelling and plume depth, σz, becomes sensitive to run conditions.
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