Abstract
Wind in the lower atmosphere has had direct adverse and beneficial impacts of the entirety of humanity throughout the ages. The evolution of wind tunnels for the physical modeling of natural wind in the lower 500 m-1,000 m of the atmosphere is reviewed. Following comments of essential features of the atmospheric boundary layer requirements for physical modeling of natural winds in this layer are reviewed. Details of a meteorological wind tunnel designed by the writer to meet the primary requirements are presented. After some comparisons of meteorological variables measured in the wind tunnel with data obtained from atmospheric measurements, applications of wind tunnels to the solution of wind-engineering problems of current concern in civil engineering practice are examined.
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