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Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of wind energy potential for Hydrogen production under local conditions of Pakistan from the design, development and practical implementation perspectives. Simulations were performed for three sites—Bahawalpur, Sanghar and Gwadar using actual wind speed site data, recorded between 2016 and 2018, at intervals of 10 minute. For the selected sites, wind resource assessment was performed using the Weibull distribution function parameters, energy and wind-power density calculations at hub heights of 20m, 40m, 60m and 80m of the wind turbines. It was observed that Sanghar is the most suitable site for wind-to-Hydrogen production potential with power and energy density of $305.86~W/m^{2}$ and $2665.81~kWh/m^{2}$ , respectively. From the implementation perspective, the Nordex N90/2500 wind turbine at an 80m hub height was found to be beneficial for Sanghar with a cost of energy of 35.21 $\$ $ /MWh (0.035 $\$ $ /kWh). The cost of Hydrogen using an electrolyzer for 7-year long-term investment was 2.29 k $\$ $ /ton using Nordex N90/2500 turbine. Based on the available power density and land area, a general scheme for production of Hydrogen using electrolysis can be implemented with possibility of installation and commissioning of wind farms.
Highlights
Today world is facing the global challenge of climate change and temperature rise
WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT The Wind Resource Assessment has been done over wind speed data collected by World Bank under Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)] [92], [93] project for three locations selected in this study.Data set contains diurnal wind speed with 10-min intervals, direction of wind and atmospheric conditions say temperature, humidity and pressure
In this work, the wind resource potential was probed for three sites located in Punjab, Sindh, and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan
Summary
Today world is facing the global challenge of climate change and temperature rise. The quest of finding a lasting solution to pollution-free clean air environment has led to the formulation of various policies and agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement by all stake holders across the globe [1], [2]. Due to technological advancement in most developed countries, the demand for energy to sustain these buoyant economies such as extraction of gas hydrogen and liquid hydrogen from wind power and their techno-economic analysis, offshore oil and gas exploration has seen an upward trajectory in the last few decades [3]–[5]. Unlike developing countries, these giant economies have exploited various medium of energy generation to meet their demand during peak hours. An increasing trend has been observed in the utilization of green Hydrogen [8] in developing countries to cope with the energy crisis and preserving healthy environment with less Carbon pollution [9]
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