Abstract
Wind gusts on a scale from 100 m to 1000 m are studied due to their significant influence on wind turbine performance. A detecting and tracking algorithm is proposed to extract gusts from a wind field and track their movement. The algorithm utilizes the “peak over threshold method,” Moore-Neighbor tracing algorithm, and Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis. The algorithm was implemented for a three-hour, two-dimensional wind field retrieved from the measurements of a coherent Doppler lidar. The Gaussian shape distribution of the gust spanwise deviation from the streamline was demonstrated. Size dependency of gust deviations is discussed, and an empirical power function is derived. A prediction model estimating the impact of gusts with respect to arrival time and the probability of arrival locations is introduced, in which the Gaussian plume model and random walk theory including size dependency are applied. The prediction model was tested and the results reveal that the prediction model can represent the spanwise deviation of the gusts and capture the effect of gust size. The prediction model was applied to a virtual wind turbine array, and estimates are given for which wind turbines would be impacted.
Highlights
Rapid changes of wind speed in the atmosphere, called wind gusts, cause large fatigue loads on wind turbines
Due to the importance of wind gusts for wind turbine performance, spatial wind gusts with a scale from 100 m to 1000 m are studied using a Doppler lidar
The algorithm was performed on a three-hour wind field data obtained from the measurements of a WindTracer Doppler lidar
Summary
Rapid changes of wind speed in the atmosphere, called wind gusts, cause large fatigue loads on wind turbines. These loads reduce the lifetime of wind turbine components. Oscillations or ramping of the generated power can result in fast fluctuations of grid voltage and may pose additional burdens to the electric grid. Researchers have proposed adaptive and feed-forward control systems, which can adjust wind turbine settings for approaching winds [1,2,3,4]. A feed-forward control system requires accurate and fast gust detection system. Our purpose is to provide the information of wind gusts to the control systems
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