Abstract
The work presents four engineering methods to estimate the induction zone in front of a wind turbine and account for the wind farm blockage effect. The methods comprise the vortex cylinder model, vortex dipole model, self-similar model, and wake projection model. The majority of the models presented account for yaw misalignments and ground effect. Actuator disk simulations are used to verify the individual models. The performance of each model is evaluated both in terms of precision and computational time. The induction models are coupled to wake models within the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State framework to provide the full velocity field within a wind farm. Sample wind farm computations are presented, and the impact of including induction effects into wind farm performance predictions is reported. The different codes are publicly available online.
Highlights
The energy extraction from a wind turbine or wind farm induces a reduction of the upstream wind speed
Different models are available in the open-source framework, FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS), to obtain the steadystate velocity field at every location in a wind farm, including the induction effect
The accuracy of the Wake projection (WP) model is strongly related to the accuracy of the modeled near wake
Summary
The energy extraction from a wind turbine or wind farm induces a reduction of the upstream wind speed This effect is referred to as “wind farm blockage,” and the affected area is called the induction zone.. The first engineering model to account for induction effects in wind farms used a vortex-based model [2, 3]. How can engineering induction models be combined with wake models to provide the velocity field throughout a wind farm? Introduction We use four engineering models in this study to evaluate the velocity field in the induction zone upstream of a turbine. The models are distinguished based on their capacity to: compute the radial velocity (or other Cartesian components), provide the velocity in the full domain, account for the ground effect,.
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