Abstract
The most ordinary way to use wind energy for building heating needs is to convert mechanical wind energy into electrical energy and to use electrical energy for heating. Though there are ways to convert mechanical wind energy into thermal energy without transitional energy conversion – hydraulic systems can be implemented for this purpose. Wind rotor gives rotational motion to the pump of hydraulic system and it creates fluid circulation in the hydraulic system. A part of liquid mechanical energy due to hydraulic resistance of the system converts into the thermal energy when the liquid circulates in the close hydraulic loop and it heats up the liquid that can be used for heating purposes. Different hydraulic valves can be integrated in the hydraulic system and they can work as the load-regulating component of the system. The purpose of the study was to adjust the hydraulic load to the optimal value in order to generate a maximum amount of thermal energy. During the study, the work of a wind rotor was simulated by an electric motor, rotated at different frequencies (without feedback). The hydraulic system consisted of a gear pump, an adjustable load regulation valve, pipes, oil tank, sensors for measuring motor shaft rotational speed, oil temperature and pressure. The experiments were carried out at different electromotor speeds: 12.5, 17.5 and 22.5 Hz, and for different oil temperatures in the range of 20 to 50 °C. The relationship between the opening degree of the valve and the amount of generated thermal energy was determined. The study showed that wind energy usage can cover a significant part of the building's thermal energy needs at the same time reducing pollution and the usage of the fossil fuel for heating purposes.
Highlights
In its widest sense the primary source of the wind energy is the sun, but in the interest of clarity, it is necessary to say that there is a tradition to exclude between the direct usage of the sun radiation energy and energy forms emerged due to the sun radiation
Wind energy usage for heating purposes is interesting as the study object because the changes of the demand for the heat energy for building heating during the year (Černeckienė, 2015) is close to the distribution of the wind potential
At the same time the need for the cooperation of the professionals from various areas shall arise in the process for implementation of the renewable energy resources, because it includes the climatology, mechanics and in case of the electricity production – electrical engineering
Summary
The system of wind energy usage (Fig. 1) consists of a few analysis objects and units, such as conditions of the climatology area, design of the wind rotor, energy conversion and transformation system (EC and ET), energy transfer system, system for storage of the excessive energy and for assurance of the sufficient energy amount (EA). All such constituent parts shall make impact to the common energy efficiency and economic attractiveness. At the same time the need for the cooperation of the professionals from various areas shall arise in the process for implementation of the renewable energy resources, because it includes the climatology, mechanics (aerodynamics, substance resistance, thermodynamics) and in case of the electricity production – electrical engineering
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