Abstract
Over the past decade, the energy landscape in Europe started to change. The main drivers were a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, substitution of fossil for renewable energies and efficiency increase in electricity generation. In this regard, many investments were made in renewable energy generation plants, especially for wind, photovoltaic and biomass applications. This paper highlights the European and especially German electricity market with a focus on the implementation of renewable energies.
Highlights
In the European Union (EU), there is no comprehensive coordination between the EU-States for the further development of the power generation sector
The EU has not defined until now binding goals for the reduction of CO2 emissions as well as for the implementation of renewable energies
1) Existing plants are exempted from the Renewable Energy Act until 2016
Summary
In the European Union (EU), there is no comprehensive coordination between the EU-States for the further development of the power generation sector. Electricity in Europe is mostly produced using coal, gas and nuclear resources. Renewable generation is different in every single EU-State. Europe had in 2014 the largest installed capacity for wind energy worldwide, followed by China and USA (Table 1). Between 2003 and 2014 the installed capacity for wind energy worldwide had an increase of around 900% (2003: 40 GW; 2014: 370 GW) [2, 3]. Germanys wind energy installed capacity had an increase of about 260% between 2003 (15 GW) and 2014 (40 GW) [2, 3], which makes it the market leader for wind energy in Europe. In Europe, the promotion of renewable energies has been made through different support schemes. FiTs is the most widely used support scheme in the EU [1]
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