Abstract
Renewable energy is crucial for achieving net zero emissions. Taiwan has abundant wind resources and most major wind farms are offshore over the Taiwan Strait due to a lack of space on land. A thorough study that includes time series modeling of wind speed and sea breeze identification and evaluation for Taiwan’s offshore wind farms was conducted. The time series modeling identified two periodic (annual and diurnal) components and an autoregressive model for multiple-year wind speed time series. A new method for sea breeze type identification and magnitude evaluation is proposed. The method (named as EACH) utilizes a vector and an ellipse to represent the wind condition of a day. Verification of the type identification determined by the new method in two cases of different seasons has been conducted by using surface weather charts and wind data measured by lidar. It is a concise, effective, and programmable way to filter a number of dates for type identification and speed change precursor of sea breeze. We found that the typical daily wind power production of corkscrew sea breeze in Central Taiwan is more than 33 times that of pure sea breeze and more than 9 times that of backdoor sea breeze, which highlights the impact of sea breeze types on wind power.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Andrés Elías FeijóoThe destruction of ecological environments, such as that caused by climate change and severe air pollution, has been accelerating the adoption of renewable energy
Our time series modeling approach consists of two steps: (1) frequency domain—identifying the periodic components by the spectral analysis; (2) time domain—building an autoregressive moving average model (ARMA) model for the residual time series (Y(t) in Equation (1))
We only show the periodogram within the [0, 0.02] frequency range since the spectrum values are very low beyond that range
Summary
The destruction of ecological environments, such as that caused by climate change and severe air pollution, has been accelerating the adoption of renewable energy. As a clean and renewable source of energy, has attracted the attention of many countries. Taiwan’s main goal is to install 5.7 GW of offshore wind power by 2025. In the following 10 years, from 2026 to 2035, Taiwan aims to install 1 GW every year [1,2]. The main wind farms in Taiwan are located off the coastline of Changhua City (Figure 1b) and have approximately 4.77 GW, accounting for 86.7% of the total approved capacity of offshore wind farms. The random and intermittent nature of wind resources have become a challenge for achieving power grid balance. Most offshore wind farms are located in the same area
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