Willingness to Receive the Booster COVID-19 Vaccine Dose in Poland.

Piotr Rzymski,Barbara Poniedziałek,Andrzej Fal

doi:10.3390/vaccines9111286

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccinations are essential to mitigate the pandemic and prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, the serum antibody levels in vaccinated individuals gradually decrease over time, while SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing an evolution toward more transmissible variants, such as B.1.617.2, ultimately increasing the risk of breakthrough infections and further virus spread. This cross-sectional online study of adult Poles (n = 2427) was conducted in September 2021 (before a general recommendation to administer a booster COVID-19 vaccine dose in Poland was issued) to assess the attitude of individuals who completed the current vaccination regime toward a potential booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and identify potential factors that may influence it. Overall, 71% of participants declared willingness to receive a booster COVID-19 dose, with a low median level of fear of receiving it of 1.0 (measured by the 10-point Likert-type scale), which was increased particularly in those having a worse experience (in terms of severity of side effects and associated fear) with past COVID-19 vaccination. The lowest frequency of willingness to receive a booster dose (26.7%) was seen in the group previously vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S. The majority of individuals vaccinated previously with mRNA vaccines wished to receive the same vaccine, while in the case of AZD1222, such accordance was observed only in 9.1%. The main reasons against accepting a booster COVID-19 dose included the side effects experienced after previous doses, the opinion that further vaccination is unnecessary, and safety uncertainties. Women, older individuals (≥50 years), subjects with obesity, chronic diseases, and pre-vaccination and post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections, and those with a history of vaccination against influenza were significantly more frequently willing to receive a booster COVID-19 dose. Moreover, the majority of immunosuppressed individuals (88%) were willing to receive an additional dose. The results emphasize some hesitancy toward potential further COVID-19 vaccination in the studied group of Poles and indicate the main groups to be targeted with effective science communication regarding the booster doses.

Highlights

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with unprecedented research responses that received significant economic and institutional support, enabling the development of numerous vaccine candidates, some of which underwent preclinical and clinical studies and were authorized at an unseen pace [1,2,3]
Accumulating evidence suggests that this efficacy gradually decreases due to two main factors: (i) a decline in serum anti-spike IgG antibody levels that occurs within a few months following the last vaccination [9,10], and (ii) the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, classified as variants of interest (VOIs) and variants of concern (VOCs), such as B.1.617.2, that reveal higher transmissibility and can lead to higher viral loads in the upper respiratory airways [11,12]
This study aimed to assess the attitude of adult Poles who were fully vaccinated at the moment of study (September 2021) toward a potential booster COVID-19 vaccine dose, associated fear, and factors behind the unwillingness to receive it

Summary

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with unprecedented research responses that received significant economic and institutional support, enabling the development of numerous vaccine candidates, some of which underwent preclinical and clinical studies and were authorized at an unseen pace [1,2,3]. The short-term results of clinical trials of different COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated their high efficacy against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection [4,5,6], later confirmed by the first post-authorization, real-world observations [8]. The six-month follow-up of participants in the clinical trial of the BNT162b2 vaccine demonstrated that efficacy against infection decreased approx. The real-world data clearly show the significantly decreased efficacy of various COVID-19 vaccines against this infection with this variant [14,15]

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