Abstract
BackgroundOwing to lack of adequate healthcare financing, access to at least the basic health services is still a problem in Ethiopia. With the intention of raising funds and ensuring universal health coverage, a mandatory health insurance scheme has been introduced. The Community Based Health Insurance has been implemented in all regions of the country, while implementation of social health insurance was delayed mainly due to resistance from public servants. This study was, therefore, aimed to assess willingness to pay for social health insurance and its determinant factors among public servants in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia.MethodsA concurrent mixed approach of cross-sectional study design using double bound dichotomous choice contingent valuation method and qualitative focus group discussions was employed. A total 384 public servants were recruited from randomly selected institutions and six focus group discussions (n = 36) were carried out with purposively selected respondents. Participants’ mean willingness to pay (WTP) and independent predictors of WTP were identified using an interval data logit model. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsFrom the 384 participants, 381 completed the interview, making a response rate of 99.2%. Among these respondents 85.3% preferred social health insurance and were willing to pay for the scheme. Their estimated mean WTP was 3.6% of their monthly salary. Lack of money to pay (42.6%) was the major stumbling block to enrolling in the scheme. Respondents’ WTP was significantly positively associated with their level of income but their WTP decreased with increasing age and educational status. On the other hand, a majority of focus group discussion participants were not willing to pay the 3% premium set by the government unless some preconditions were satisfied. The amount of premium contribution, benefit package and poor quality of health service were the major factors affecting their WTP.ConclusionThe majority of the public servants were willing to be part of the social health insurance scheme, with a mean WTP of 3.6% of their monthly salary. This was greater than the premium proposed by the government (3%). This can pave the way to start the scheme but attention should focus on improving the quality of health services.
Highlights
Owing to lack of adequate healthcare financing, access to at least the basic health services is still a problem in Ethiopia
This indicates that health service fees are a major obstacle to healthcare coverage and utilization [8], and the only way to reduce reliance on direct out of pocket (OOP) payments and to attain Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for governments is to encourage the risk-pooling prepayment mechanisms [9, 11]
Predictors of willingness to pay for social health insurance Respondents’ WTP was significantly associated with their age, educational status and household income
Summary
Owing to lack of adequate healthcare financing, access to at least the basic health services is still a problem in Ethiopia. This indicates that health service fees are a major obstacle to healthcare coverage and utilization [8], and the only way to reduce reliance on direct OOP payments and to attain Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for governments is to encourage the risk-pooling prepayment mechanisms [9, 11]. Introducing Social Health Insurance (SHI) was considered as one of the most powerful risk pooling mechanisms in most developing countries to achieve UHC. The UHC had been achieved in many countries in the world by establishing SHI as the country’s health care financing mechanism [11]
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